Editing QS World University Rankings (section)

== Criticisms & Limitations to Watch ==
No ranking system is perfect, and QS faces several critiques:

* '''Heavy weight on reputation'''  Because academic and employer reputation collectively account for a large share of the score, institutions with long brand recognition may be advantaged regardless of current improvements.
* '''Survey bias / low response rates'''  Reputation surveys may have uneven representation across regions or fields. Also, QS does not always disclose response rates publicly, raising transparency concerns.  ''(Source: Wikipedia & critiques of QS)''
* '''Citation bias toward certain fields'''  Citation databases favor STEM (science, engineering, medicine) over humanities or social sciences, which can skew rankings. Institutions strong in less-citable fields may be undervalued.
* '''Metric “gaming” risk'''  Universities may focus on optimizing indicators (e.g. boosting the number of publications or strategic collaborations) rather than deeper structural improvements.
* '''One-size-fits-all constraint'''  QS treats all institutions with the same set of indicators. But universities vary in mission, scale, and regional focus — what works well for a small liberal arts college may not align with metrics built for large research universities.

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