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== History == The IEA was created on 18 November 1974 following the 1973β1974 oil crisis, when OPEC's oil embargo caused severe supply disruptions and price spikes. The founding agreement established mechanisms for oil emergency sharing, energy conservation, diversification of supplies, and international cooperation. Initial founding members included 16 countries: Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, and United States (France abstained initially but joined later). The organization has evolved from an oil-focused security body to a comprehensive energy forum, now covering clean energy transitions, net-zero pathways, and emerging issues like AI-driven energy demand and critical minerals supply chains.
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